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Gastroenterology - Diseases & USMLE MCQs
12 clinical summaries in gastroenterology - each with pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, management, high-yield pearls, sample USMLE MCQs and an illustration from our medical library. Free to read, no login.
Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy)
Immune-mediated small-bowel enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), causing villous atrophy, malabsorption and diverse extra-intestinal disease.
Reviewed 2 Jun 2026
Choledocholithiasis
Gallstones in the common bile duct causing obstructive jaundice, ascending cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Treated primarily with ERCP.
Reviewed 13 Jun 2026
Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)
Formation of gallstones in the gallbladder from cholesterol supersaturation or pigment deposition. Common; complications include biliary colic, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis.
Reviewed 11 May 2026
Crohn Disease
Transmural inflammatory bowel disease with skip lesions, most commonly affecting the terminal ileum. Causes non-caseating granulomas, fistulae, strictures and extra-intestinal manifestations.
Reviewed 11 May 2026
Diverticular Disease and Diverticulitis
Outpouchings of colonic mucosa through the muscular layer (diverticulosis), most commonly sigmoid; inflammation of a diverticulum causes acute diverticulitis with left lower quadrant pain and fever.
Reviewed 7 Jul 2026
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Retrograde flow of acidic gastric contents into the oesophagus due to LES dysfunction, causing heartburn, regurgitation and complications like erosive oesophagitis and Barrett oesophagus.
Reviewed 24 Jun 2026
Helicobacter pylori Infection
Spiral, urease-producing gram-negative bacterium that colonises gastric mucosa, drives chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Cure rate with quadruple therapy is >90%.
Reviewed 21 May 2026
Liver Cirrhosis
End-stage chronic liver injury with fibrosis and nodular regeneration. Portal hypertension causes ascites, varices and hepatic encephalopathy; hepatocellular dysfunction causes coagulopathy and jaundice.
Reviewed 9 Jun 2026
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Mucosal breaks >5 mm in the stomach or duodenum caused mainly by Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs. Presents with epigastric pain, GI bleeding or perforation.
Reviewed 25 Jul 2026
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Chronic progressive fibro-obliterative disease of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts, tightly linked to inflammatory bowel disease. High risk of cholangiocarcinoma.
Reviewed 11 Jun 2026
Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease limited to the colon, characterised by continuous mucosal inflammation extending proximally from the rectum.
Reviewed 8 Jun 2026
Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A-E cause acute liver injury; B, C and D can chronify and progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Serology and viral load guide diagnosis and treatment.
Reviewed 11 Jul 2026
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