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Nephrology - Diseases & USMLE MCQs
5 clinical summaries in nephrology - each with pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, management, high-yield pearls, sample USMLE MCQs and an illustration from our medical library. Free to read, no login.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Immune-mediated inflammation of glomeruli causing acute nephritic syndrome: haematuria (often cola-coloured), red cell casts, mild proteinuria, hypertension and AKI.
Reviewed 7 May 2026
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt kidney function loss over hours to days defined by KDIGO creatinine or urine output criteria; classified as pre-renal, intrinsic, or post-renal.
Reviewed 30 May 2026
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Most common inherited kidney disease; PKD1/PKD2 mutations cause bilateral renal cysts, progressive CKD, hypertension and extra-renal manifestations.
Reviewed 6 Jul 2026
Chronic Kidney Disease
Sustained decline in kidney function (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or kidney damage for >=3 months; leading causes are diabetes and hypertension.
Reviewed 29 May 2026
Nephrotic Syndrome
Glomerular disease with proteinuria >3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia; loss of podocyte barrier function.
Reviewed 31 May 2026
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