Migraine

Neurology

Epilepsy

Enduring predisposition to recurrent unprovoked seizures affecting ~1% of population. Classification by seizure onset (focal, generalised, unknown) and aetiology guides therapy.

Neurology

Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic autoimmune demyelinating CNS disease causing relapsing neurologic deficits disseminated in time and space; leading non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults.

Neurology

Parkinson Disease

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons causing bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability.

Neurology

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, most commonly from a ruptured saccular berry aneurysm; presents as sudden 'worst-ever' thunderclap headache with high early mortality.

Rheumatology

Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis)

Granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis of the aorta and its extracranial branches in adults >50 y. Vision loss from anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is the feared complication.

Neurology

Alzheimer Disease

Most common cause of dementia; progressive amnestic memory loss from amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles with hippocampal and cortical atrophy.